Semiconductor device including isolation layers and method of manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

A semiconductor device includes: a pair of wire patterns configured to extend in a first direction and formed on a substrate to be spaced apart from each other in a second direction, the pair of wire patterns disposed closest to each other in the second direction; a gate electrode configured to extend in the second direction on the substrate, the gate electrode configured to surround the wire patterns; and first isolation layers configured to extend in the first direction between the substrate and the gate electrode and formed to be spaced apart from each other in the second direction, the first isolation layers overlapping the pair of wire patterns in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/035,906, filed on Jul. 16, 2018, which claims priority under 35U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0007813, filed onJan. 22, 2018, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), thedisclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present inventive concept relates to a semiconductor device havingisolation layers and a method of manufacturing the same.

DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART

Semiconductor devices are becoming more miniaturized so thathigh-capacity, high-performance, and highly integrated devices can befabricated. To increase the integration density of the semiconductordevices, research is being conducted to reduce sizes of thesemiconductor devices and a distance between the semiconductor devices.

To achieve the miniaturization of the semiconductor devices, muchattention has been paid to a multibridge-channelmetal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MBCFET) whichincludes a plurality of thin rectangular channels and a gate surroundingtop, bottom, and side surfaces of the channels, and the channels arevertically stacked on a substrate. It may be necessary to electricallyisolate the channels from the substrate to improve the performance ofthe MBCFET.

SUMMARY

Exemplary embodiments of the present inventive concept provide asemiconductor device having isolation layers configured to electricallyisolate a substrate from a channel, and also provide a method ofmanufacturing the semiconductor device having the isolation layers.

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to anexemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept includes:providing a substrate; forming a first sacrificial layer pattern and apreliminary stack structure on the substrate, wherein the firstsacrificial layer pattern is in contact with the substrate, thepreliminary stack structure is formed by alternately stacking firstpreliminary semiconductor patterns and second preliminary semiconductorpatterns and includes an overhang portion which does not overlap thefirst sacrificial layer pattern, and a lowermost layer of thepreliminary stack structure is formed as one of the second preliminarysemiconductor patterns; and partially etching the lowermost layer of thepreliminary stack structure to form a second sacrificial layer patternand to form a stack structure having a bottom surface at which one ofthe first preliminary semiconductor patterns is exposed.

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to anexemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept includes:providing a substrate; forming a stacked body on the substrate byalternately stacking first semiconductor layers and second semiconductorlayers; forming a mask pattern on the stacked body, in which the maskpattern includes a mandrel pattern and spacer patterns formed onsidewalls of the mandrel pattern; etching the stacked body using themask pattern as an etch mask to form a stack structure and a firsttrench disposed between the stack structure and a neighboring stackstructure; forming a first liner in the first trench; removing themandrel pattern to form a first preliminary trench exposing a topsurface of the stack structure between the spacer patterns;anisotropically etching the stack structure using the spacer patterns asan etch mask and using a first preliminary sacrificial layer pattern,which is a lowermost layer of the stack structure, as an etch stop filmto form fin-type structures each including first semiconductor patternsand second semiconductor patterns stacked alternately, and recessing thefirst preliminary trench to form a second preliminary trench between thefin-type structures; and forming a second liner in the secondpreliminary trench.

A semiconductor device according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent inventive concept includes: a pair of wire patterns configuredto extend in a first direction and formed on a substrate to be spacedapart from each other in a second direction, the pair of wire patternsdisposed closest to each other in the second direction; a gate electrodeconfigured to extend in the second direction on the substrate, the gateelectrode configured to surround the wire patterns; and first isolationlayers configured to extend in the first direction between the substrateand the gate electrode and formed to be spaced apart from each other inthe second direction, the first isolation layers overlapping the pair ofwire patterns in a third direction perpendicular to the first and seconddirections.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments of the present inventive concept will be moreclearly understood from the following detailed description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1 to 11 are cross-sectional views of intermediate operations fordescribing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according toan exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIGS. 12 to 20 are cross-sectional views of intermediate operations fordescribing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according toan exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIGS. 21 to 27 are perspective views of intermediate operations fordescribing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according toan exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept, which areperformed after the operations of FIG. 11 or FIG. 20;

FIG. 28 shows cross-sectional views taken along lines I-I′ and II-IF ofthe semiconductor device of FIG. 27; and

FIGS. 29 to 38 are cross-sectional views of intermediate operations fordescribing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according toan exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept.

Since the drawings in FIGS. 1-38 are intended for illustrative purposes,the elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Forexample, some of the elements may be enlarged or exaggerated for claritypurpose.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device and thesemiconductor device manufactured according to exemplary embodiments ofthe present inventive concept will be described with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1 to 11 are cross-sectional views of intermediate operations fordescribing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according toan exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 1, a stacked body 200 may be formed on a substrate 100by alternately stacking first semiconductor layers 201 and secondsemiconductor layers 202.

The substrate 100 may be a bulk silicon (Si) substrate. Alternatively,the substrate 100 may be a germanium (Ge) substrate. Alternatively, thesubstrate 100 may include, for example, silicon germanium (SiGe), indiumantimonide (InSb), lead telluride (PbTe), indium arsenide (InAs), indiumphosphide (InP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), or gallium antimonide (GaSb).Alternatively, the substrate 100 may be a base substrate on which an epilayer is formed. In addition, the substrate 100 may include one or moresemiconductor layers or structures and may include active or operableportions of semiconductor devices.

The stacked body 200 may be formed by alternately forming the secondsemiconductor layers 202 and the first semiconductor layers 201 on thefirst semiconductor layer 201 that is in contact with the substrate 100.That is, the lowermost layer of the stacked body 200 may be the firstsemiconductor layer 201. An uppermost layer of the stacked body 200 maybe the second semiconductor layer 202. The first semiconductor layers201 and the second semiconductor layers 202 may be formed using anepitaxial growth method. The first semiconductor layer 201 in contactwith the substrate 100 may be a layer bonded to the substrate 100 usinga wafer bonding process.

The first semiconductor layers 201 may include a material different fromthat of the second semiconductor layers 202. For example, the firstsemiconductor layers 201 and the second semiconductor layers 202 mayinclude materials having etch selectivities different from each other.For example, the first semiconductor layers 201 may include a materialhaving an etch selectivity with respect to the second semiconductorlayers 202. That is, when the first semiconductor layers 201 arecompletely etched under a first etch condition, the second semiconductorlayers 202 may not be etched or only slightly etched. Conversely, whenthe second semiconductor layers 202 are completely etched under a secondetch condition different from the first etch condition, the firstsemiconductor layers 201 may not be etched or only slightly etched.

The first semiconductor layer 201 may include silicon germanium (SiGe)or germanium (Ge). Further, the second semiconductor layer 202 mayinclude silicon (Si) or a Group III-V compound semiconductor. The GroupIII-V compound semiconductor may be one of, for example, a binarycompound, a ternary compound, and a quaternary compound, and may beformed by combining at least one of, for example, aluminum (Al), gallium(Ga), and indium (In), which are Group III elements, and at least oneof, for example, phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb), whichare Group V elements.

The first semiconductor layer 201, which is the lowermost layer of thestacked body 200, in contact with the substrate 100 may be defined as afirst sacrificial layer 201 a, and the second semiconductor layer 202 incontact with the first sacrificial layer 201 a may be defined as asecond sacrificial layer 202 a. The first sacrificial layer 201 a andthe second sacrificial layer 202 a may be partially or entirely removedduring a subsequent process, and one or more insulating films may bedisposed in spaces from which the first sacrificial layer 201 a and thesecond sacrificial layer 202 a are removed in a subsequent process.

A thickness of each of the first semiconductor layer 201 and the secondsemiconductor layer 202 may be variously changed according to anexemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept. For example, thefirst semiconductor layer 201 may have a thickness smaller than or thesame as that of the second semiconductor layer 202. Alternatively, thefirst semiconductor layer 201 may have a thickness larger than that ofthe second semiconductor layer 202. Further, the first sacrificial layer201 a may have a thickness greater than that of the first semiconductorlayer 201 or that of the second semiconductor layer 202. The secondsacrificial layer 202 a may have a thickness smaller than that of thefirst semiconductor layer 201 or that of the second semiconductor layer202.

The first semiconductor layer 201 may be removed during a subsequentprocess, and a gate dielectric film and a portion of a gate electrodemay be disposed in a space from which the first semiconductor layer 201is removed. Accordingly, a thickness of the first semiconductor layer201 may be substantially equal to a distance in a vertical directionbetween adjacent ones of a plurality of nanosheets that provide achannel region in the semiconductor device.

Mask patterns 300 may be formed on a top surface of the stacked body200. Each of the mask patterns 300 may include a mandrel pattern 301 andspacer patterns 302 on sidewalls of the mandrel pattern 301.

The mandrel patterns 301 may be formed to be spaced apart from eachother and may extend in the vertical direction. The mandrel patterns 301may be formed to have a width W1 measured in a horizontal direction andmay be spaced apart from each other by a distance, and the width W1 andthe distance may be obtained according to a resolution limit provided ina photolithography process. For example, the photolithography processmay be an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography process or an ArF (193nm) immersion photolithography process. The width W1 of the mandrelpatterns 301 and the distance between the mandrel patterns 301 may begreater than a minimum feature size of the semiconductor device to bedescribed below.

The width W1 of the mandrel patterns 301 and the distance between themandrel patterns 301 may be determined by a target width of linepatterns to be finally implemented. In particular, the distance betweenthe mandrel patterns 301 may be determined by the minimum feature sizeof the line patterns to be finally implemented. For example, todetermine the distance between the mandrel patterns 301, a width of thespacer patterns 302 to be formed on the sidewalls of the mandrel pattern301 may have to be considered. As an example, to form line patterns with1:1 ratio line and space, the width of the spacer patterns 302 may needto be equal to the width W1 of the mandrel patterns 301. Thus, to formline patterns with 1:1 ratio line and space, the distance between themandrel patterns 301 may be three times of the width W1 of the mandrelpatterns 301. However, the line patterns may not have equal line andspace. For example, the width of the spacer patterns 302 may be smallerthan the width W1 of the mandrel patterns 301, and the distance betweenthe mandrel patterns 301 may be less than three times of the width W1 ofthe mandrel patterns 301.

A top surface of the second semiconductor layer 202 that is theuppermost layer of the stacked body 200 may be exposed by as much as awidth corresponding to the distance between the mandrel patterns 301.The mandrel pattern 301 may include a material having an etchselectivity with respect to the first semiconductor layer 201 and thesecond semiconductor layer 202.

A spacer layer may be conformally formed to cover a surface of themandrel pattern 301 and an exposed surface of the stacked body 200.Thereafter, the spacer layer may be anisotropically etched back untilthe surface of the stacked body 200 is exposed, thereby forming spacerpatterns 302 on both sidewalls of the mandrel pattern 301. Thus, thespacer patterns 302 may be formed to surround the mandrel patterns 301,but not to cover the top surface of the mandrel pattern 301. Upperportions of the spacer patterns 302 may be etched back and have a roundshape. The spacer patterns 302 and the mandrel pattern 301 may have anetch selectivity with respect to the second semiconductor layer 202,which is the uppermost layer of the stacked body 200. The width of thespacer patterns 302 may be set to be equal to the minimum feature size.For example, the width of the spacer patterns 302 may define the targetwidth of line patterns to be finally implemented.

Referring to FIG. 2, a preliminary stack structure 210 may be formed onthe first sacrificial layer 201 a. The preliminary stack structure 210may include the second preliminary sacrificial layer pattern 212 a,first preliminary semiconductor patterns 211, and second preliminarysemiconductor patterns 212 stacked alternately with the firstpreliminary semiconductor patterns 211. The second preliminarysacrificial layer pattern 212 a may be formed as one of the secondpreliminary semiconductor patterns 212, except the thickness of thesecond preliminary sacrificial layer pattern 212 a may be lower than thethickness or thicknesses of other second preliminary semiconductorpatterns 212. The preliminary stack structure 210 may be formed byanisotropically etching the stacked body 200 using the mandrel pattern301 and the spacer pattern 302 as etch masks, and the stacked body 200may be etched until a top surface of the first sacrificial layer 201 ais exposed. A first preliminary trench R1 may be formed between adjacentones of the preliminary stack structures 210.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a first liner 400 may be formed to coversidewalls of the preliminary stack structure 210, and may be conformallyformed on the substrate 100. The first liner 400 may serve to preventthe preliminary stack structure 210 from being etched during asubsequent process. For example, the first liner 400 may include oxideor nitride. The first liner 400 may have an etch selectivity withrespect to the preliminary stack structure 210. Thereafter, the firstliner 400 in contact with the first sacrificial layer 201 a may beanisotropically etched to expose the top surface of the firstsacrificial layer 201 a again.

Subsequently, the first sacrificial layer 201 a of which the top surfaceis exposed through the first preliminary trench R1 may beanisotropically etched under the first preliminary trench R1 until a topsurface of the substrate 100 is exposed, thereby forming a first trenchR2. The first trench R2 may be formed by recessing the first preliminarytrench R1 downward to the substrate 100. Further, the first sacrificiallayer 201 a may be anisotropically etched to form a first preliminarysacrificial layer pattern 201 b. Side surfaces of the first preliminarysacrificial layer pattern 201 b may be exposed by the first trench R2.

A top portion of the substrate 100 may be etched during the forming ofthe first trench R2. Thus, a concave unit 101 having a concave topsurface may be formed in the top portion of the substrate 100. A widthS2 measured in the horizontal direction of the concave unit 101 may beequal to a shortest distance S1 between the first liners 400 formed indifferent preliminary stack structures 210 adjacent to each other.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the first preliminary sacrificial layerpattern 201 b may be laterally etched to form a first sacrificial layerpattern 201 c. For example, the first preliminary sacrificial layerpattern 201 b may be isotropically etched through the first trench R2 sothat a width of the first preliminary sacrificial layer pattern 201 bmay be reduced to form the first sacrificial layer pattern 201 c. Thefirst preliminary semiconductor pattern 211 of the preliminary stackstructure 210 may be protected by the second preliminary sacrificiallayer pattern 212 a, that is a lowermost layer of the preliminary stackstructure 210, and the first liner 400, that is on the sidewall of thepreliminary stack structure 210, during the isotropic etching process. Awidth W2 measured in the horizontal direction of the first sacrificiallayer pattern 201 c may be smaller than a width measured in thehorizontal direction of the preliminary stack structure 210. Thus, thepreliminary stack structure 210 may have an overhang portion OH whichdoes not overlap the first sacrificial layer pattern 201 c in thevertical direction. Further, the width W2 of the first sacrificial layerpattern 201 c may be smaller than the width W1 of the mandrel patterns301. Thus, the first sacrificial layer pattern 201 c may be completelyremoved during a subsequent process of forming fin-type structures.

During the etching of side surfaces of the first preliminary sacrificiallayer pattern 201 b, a portion of a bottom surface of the secondpreliminary sacrificial layer pattern 212 a in contact with the firstpreliminary sacrificial layer pattern 201 b may be exposed. For example,the portion of the bottom surface of the second preliminary sacrificiallayer pattern 212 a in the overhang portion OH which does not overlapthe first sacrificial layer pattern 201 c may be exposed. Thus, theexposed portion of the second preliminary sacrificial layer pattern 212a may be etched to form the second sacrificial layer pattern 212 b. Thefirst sacrificial layer pattern 201 c may have a thickness greater thana thickness or thicknesses of the first preliminary semiconductorpatterns 211, and the second sacrificial layer pattern 212 b may have athickness smaller than the thickness or the thicknesses of the firstpreliminary semiconductor patterns 211. A width of the secondsacrificial layer pattern 212 b may be equal to the width W2 of thefirst sacrificial layer pattern 201 c. Further, the width of the secondsacrificial layer pattern 212 b may be equal to or less than the widthW1 of the mandrel pattern 301. Thus, the second sacrificial layerpattern 212 b may be completely removed together with the firstsacrificial layer pattern 201 c during a subsequent process of formingfin-type structures. During the formation of the first sacrificial layerpattern 201 c and the second sacrificial layer pattern 212 b, a stackstructure 210 a having the exposed first preliminary semiconductorpattern 211 may be formed on the second sacrificial layer pattern 212 b.That is, a lowermost layer of the stack structure 210 a may be the firstpreliminary semiconductor pattern 211 with a portion of its bottomsurface being exposed. The exposed bottom surface may be the portion ofthe bottom surface of the first preliminary semiconductor pattern 211 inthe overhang portion OH which does not overlap the second sacrificiallayer pattern 212 b. A vacant space C₁ may be formed first between thepreliminary stack structure 210 and the substrate 100, and then betweenthe stack structure 210 a and the substrate 100. The first trench R2 maybe recessed in a lateral direction of the first preliminary sacrificiallayer pattern 201 b, thereby forming a recessed first trench having thevacant space C₁.

Referring to FIGS. 6 to 9, a fin-type structure 220 and a firstisolation layer 500 configured to support the fin-type structure 220 maybe formed on the substrate 100.

The first isolation layer 500 may be formed to fill the recessed firsttrench. That is, the first isolation layer 500 may fill the vacant spaceC₁ between the stack structure 210 a and the substrate 100. Further, thefirst isolation layer 500 may be formed to cover a top surface of themandrel pattern 301.

Subsequently, the first isolation layer 500 may be planarized to exposethe top surface of the mandrel pattern 301. As shown in FIG. 7, inaddition to the first isolation layer 500 being planarized, the spacerpattern 302, the mandrel pattern 301, and the first liner 400 may alsobe planarized to expose top surfaces of the first isolation layer 500,the spacer pattern 302, the mandrel pattern 301, and the first liner400. The planarization process may be performed using a chemicalmechanical polishing (CMP) process. Alternatively, an etch back processmay be used in the planarization process.

The first isolation layer 500 may be formed of a material the same asthat of the mandrel pattern 301. For example, the first isolation layer500 may be formed of oxide.

Subsequently, the mandrel pattern 301 may be removed to form a secondpreliminary trench R3 between the spacer patterns 302. The mandrelpattern 301 and the first isolation layer 500 may be directionallyetched using the spacer patterns 302 and the first liner 400 as etchmasks. The etching process may be performed on the mandrel pattern 301under the second preliminary trench R3 and between the spacer patterns302 until a top surface of the stack structure 210 a is exposed. Forexample, the etch process may be performed until the mandrel pattern 301within the second preliminary trench R3 is completely removed, at thesame time a portion of the first isolation layer 500 between adjacentfirst liners 400 may be recessed to a depth similar to that of thesecond preliminary trench R3. That is, the etching process may beperformed until the second preliminary semiconductor pattern 212, whichis an uppermost layer of the stack structure 210 a, is exposed. If thefirst isolation layer 500 and the mandrel pattern 301 have verydifferent etch rates, the first isolation layer 500 between the adjacentfirst liners 400 may be recessed to a depth different from that of thesecond preliminary trench R3.

Thereafter, a portion of the stack structure 210 a, which is disposedunder the second preliminary trench R3, may be directionally etchedthrough the second preliminary trench R3. Further, the secondsacrificial layer pattern 212 b and the first sacrificial layer pattern201 c, which are sequentially exposed after the stack structure 210 a isetched, may also be etched during the etching process. Thus, the secondpreliminary trench R3 may extend downward to form a second trench R4.Since each of widths of the first sacrificial layer pattern 201 c andthe second sacrificial layer pattern 212 b is smaller than the width ofthe second preliminary trench R3, the first sacrificial layer pattern201 c and the second sacrificial layer pattern 212 b may be completelyremoved by the etching process.

The etching process may be performed until the top surface of thesubstrate 100 is exposed. A portion of the substrate 100 may be etchedby the etching process to form a concave unit 101 a having a concave topsurface. A width of the concave unit 101 a may be equal to or smallerthan the width W1 of the mandrel pattern 301.

One stack structure 210 a may be separated by the second trench R4 toform two fin-type structures 220. The first isolation layer 500 may beformed between the fin-type structure 220 and the substrate 100 and maysupport the fin-type structure 220.

One sidewall of the fin-type structure 220 may be covered by the firstliner 400, while another sidewall of the fin-type structure 220 may beexposed by the second trench R4. First semiconductor patterns 221 andsecond semiconductor patterns 222 may be covered by the first liner 400at one sidewall of the fin-type structure 220 and may be exposed by thesecond trench R4 at another sidewall of the fin-type structure 220. Apair of fin-type structures 220, which are disposed closest to eachother in a direction in which the pair of fin-type structures 220 arespaced apart from each other, have sidewalls covered by the first liner400, and the sidewalls of the pair of fin-type structures 220 may faceeach other. Alternatively, exposed sidewalls of the first and secondsemiconductor patterns 221 and 222 in one fin-type structure 220 mayface exposed sidewalls of the second semiconductor patterns 221 and 222of a neighboring fin-type structures 220.

Referring to FIG. 10, a second liner 410 may be conformally formed inthe second trench R4, and may cover the exposed sidewall of the fin-typestructure 220 and exposed top surface of the substrate 100. Further, thesecond liner 410 may cover surfaces of the spacer pattern 302, the firstliner 400, and the first isolation layer 500. The second liner 410 maybe etched during a subsequent process of etching the first liner 400.The first liner 400 and the second liner 410 may protect the sidewallsof the fin-type structure 220 during the etching process.

Subsequently, a second isolation layer 510 may be formed to fill thesecond trench R4. The second isolation layer 510 may be formed in thesecond trench R4 to contact the second liner 410. That is, a bottomsurface and side surfaces of the second isolation layer 510 may besurrounded by the second liner 410. The second isolation layer 510 maybe formed to fill the second trench R4 up to a top surface of the secondliner 410.

Subsequently, the second isolation layer 510, the first liner 400, thesecond liner 410, and the spacer pattern 302 may be planarized to exposethe top surface of the fin-type structure 220. For example, the topsurface of the fin-type structure 220 may be a top surface of the secondsemiconductor pattern 222.

Referring to FIG. 11, the second isolation layer 510, the first liner400, and the second liner 410 may be anisotropically etched using thetop surface of the fin-type structure 220 as an etch mask. Thus, theside surfaces and top surface of the fin-type structure 220 may beexposed. For example, when the second isolation layer 510 is etched, thefirst liner 400 and the second liner 410 may also be etched.

The anisotropic etching process may be performed down to a depth atwhich the first liner 400 is completely removed. Due to the etchingprocess, the top portion of the first isolation layer 500 may bepartially etched. Thus, the top surface of the first isolation layer 500may have a convex-concave shape. A concave unit 103 and a convex unit104 may be formed in the top portion of the first isolation layer 500.Thus, the concave unit 101 may be formed in the top portion of thesubstrate 100 and the concave unit 103 may be formed in the top portionof the first isolation layer 500, in which the concave unit 101 formedin the substrate 100 may have a width smaller than a width of theconcave unit 103 formed in the first isolation layer 500.

Alternatively, the etching process may be performed down to a bottomsurface of the fin-type structure 220. Thus, a portion of the firstliner 400 may remain on the first isolation layer 500. Due to theetching process, the top surface of the second liner 410 may be formedat a level the same as or lower than a level of the bottom surface ofthe fin-type structure 220.

As shown in FIG. 11, an electrical isolation by interposing the firstisolation layer 500 between the fin-type structures 220 and thesubstrate 100 may be established to secure the performance of asemiconductor device, for example, an MBCFET, in the method ofmanufacturing the semiconductor device according to the exemplaryembodiment of the present inventive concept described above.

FIGS. 12 to 20 are cross-sectional views of intermediate operations fordescribing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according toan exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept. Thedescription of components of the present exemplary embodiment that arethe same as those of the above-described exemplary embodiment will beomitted or briefly described.

Referring to FIG. 12, stack structures 250 may be formed on a substrate150. Each of the stack structures 250 may include a first preliminarysacrificial layer pattern 251 a, a second preliminary sacrificial layerpattern 252 a, first preliminary semiconductor patterns 251, and secondpreliminary second patterns 252 stacked alternately with the firstpreliminary semiconductor patterns 251.

The stack structure 250 may be formed by anisotropically etching astacked body using a mask pattern 350 as an etch mask. The mask pattern350 may include a mandrel pattern 351 and a spacer pattern 352.

The stack structure 250 may be formed by etching the stacked body untila top surface of the substrate 150 is exposed. The substrate 150 may beetched during the etching process so that a concave unit 151 may beformed in the top portion of the substrate 150. The stack structures 250may be spaced a predetermined distance from each other, and a firsttrench R51 may be formed between the stack structures 250.

Thereafter, a first liner 450 may be formed to cover sidewalls of thestack structure 250, and may be conformally formed on the substrate 150.The first liner 450 may cover a surface of the mandrel pattern 351, asurface of the spacer pattern 352, side surfaces of the stack structure250, and a top surface of the exposed substrate 150.

Referring to FIG. 13, a first isolation layer 550 may be formed in thefirst trench R51, and may be formed to cover the entire first liner 450formed on the substrate 150. Thereafter, top surfaces of the mandrelpatterns 351 may be exposed by the same planarization process asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 7. Further, due to theplanarization process, levels of the top surfaces of the first isolationlayer 550, the first liner 450, the spacer pattern 352, and the mandrelpattern 351 may be equal to each other.

Referring to FIG. 14, a first preliminary trench R52 may be formed bythe same etching process as described above with reference to FIG. 8.The first preliminary trench R52 may be formed between the spacerpatterns 352 and may expose a top surface of the stack structure 250.

Referring to FIG. 15, a portion of the stack structure 250 under thefirst preliminary trench R52 may be etched through the first preliminarytrench R52, thereby forming a second trench R53. The etching process maybe performed until a top surface of the first preliminary sacrificiallayer pattern 251 a is exposed. Thus, the second trench R53 may beformed by recessing the first preliminary trench R52 downward to the topsurface of the first preliminary sacrificial layer pattern 251 a.

Fin-type structures 260 may be formed on the second preliminarysacrificial layer pattern 252 a by the etching process. Each of thefin-type structures 260 may include first semiconductor patterns 261 andsecond semiconductor patterns 262 that are stacked alternately. Further,the fin-type structures 260 may be spaced a constant distance from eachother by the second trenches R53. In addition, during the forming of thesecond trench R53, the second preliminary sacrificial layer pattern 252a may be etched to form a second sacrificial layer pattern 252 b. Onestack structure 250 may form two fin-type structures 260 by the etchingprocess.

Referring to FIG. 16, a second liner 460 may be conformally formed onthe substrate 150, and may be formed in the second trenches R53 to coverexposed sidewalls of the fin-type structure 260. Further, the secondliner 460 may cover exposed sidewalls of the second sacrificial layerpattern 252 b and an exposed top surface of the first preliminarysacrificial layer pattern 251 a. In addition, the second liner 460 maycover top surfaces of the first isolation layer 550, the first liner450, and the spacer pattern 352, and exposed sidewalls of the firstliner 450.

Referring to FIG. 17, the second liner 460 and the first preliminarysacrificial layer pattern 251 a may be sequentially etched to form asecond trench R54. For example, the second liner 460 may beanisotropically etched to expose a top surface of the first preliminarysacrificial layer pattern 251 a. Thereafter, a pattern of the firstpreliminary sacrificial layer 251 a having the exposed top surface maybe anisotropically etched to expose a top surface of the substrate 150,and to form the second trench R54 and a first sacrificial layer pattern251 b. A portion of the substrate 150 may be etched during the formingof second trench R54. A concave groove 151 a may be formed in the topportion of the substrate 150 due to the etching process.

Referring to FIG. 18, the first sacrificial layer pattern 251 b may belaterally etched. Side surfaces of the first sacrificial layer pattern251 b may be exposed by the second trench R54. The exposed side surfacesof the first sacrificial layer pattern 251 b may be isotropically etchedto remove the first sacrificial layer pattern 251 b. Thus, a bottomsurface of the second sacrificial layer pattern 252 b in contact withthe first sacrificial layer pattern 251 b may be exposed. Further, thesecond sacrificial layer pattern 252 b of which the bottom surface isexposed may be removed by an isotropic etching process. That is, thesecond trench R54 may be recessed in a lateral direction of the secondsacrificial layer pattern 252 b to form a recessed second trench R54.Thus, a bottom surface of the fin-type structure 260 may be exposed, anda vacant space C₂ may be interposed between the fin-type structure 260and the substrate 150.

Referring to FIG. 19, a second isolation layer 560 may be formed to fillthe second trench R54 having the vacant space C₂, and may be formed tobe in contact with the second liner 460 in the second trench R54.Further, the second isolation layer 560 may be formed to be in contactwith the first liner 450 and bottom surface of the fin-type structure260 in the vacant space C2, and may be formed to cover top surfaces ofthe first liner 450, the second liner 460, and the spacer pattern 352.

Thereafter, the second isolation layer 560, the first liner 450, thesecond liner 460, and the spacer pattern 352 may be planarized to exposethe top surface of the fin-type structure 260. For example, the topsurface of the fin-type structure 260 may be a top surface of the secondsemiconductor pattern 262. As a result, top surfaces of the firstisolation layer 550, the second isolation layer 560, the first liner450, the second liner 460, and the second semiconductor pattern 262 maybe at the same level.

Referring to FIG. 20, the first isolation layer 550, the secondisolation layer 560, the first liner 450, and the second liner 460 maybe anisotropically etched using the top surface of the fin-typestructure 260 as an etch mask. Thus, the fin-type structure 260 havingan exposed top surface and side surfaces may be formed. For example,when the second isolation layer 560 is etched, the first liner 450 andthe second liner 460 may be etched.

The anisotropic etching process may be performed down to a depth atwhich the second liner 460 is completely removed. Alternatively, theetching process may be performed down to the bottom surface of thefin-type structure 260. Thus, a portion of the second liner 460 mayremain on the first isolation layer 550. The top surface of the firstliner 450 may be formed at a level the same as or lower than that of thebottom surface of the fin-type structure 260.

The second isolation layer 560 may be partially etched by the etchingprocess. During the etching of the second isolation layer 560, a concavegroove 152 may be formed in a top portion of the second isolation layer560. During the formation of the groove 152, protrusions 153 of whichtop surfaces are at a level higher than that of the groove 152 may beformed on both sides of the groove 152. Thus, the groove 151 a may beformed in the top portion of the substrate 100 and the groove 152 may beformed in the top portion of the second isolation layer 560, in whichthe groove 151 a formed in the substrate 100 may have a width smallerthan a width of the groove 152 formed in the second isolation layer 560.

As shown in FIG. 20, an electrical isolation by interposing the secondisolation layer 560 between the fin-type structures 260 and thesubstrate 150 may be established to secure the performance of asemiconductor device, for example, an MBCFET, in the method ofmanufacturing the semiconductor device according to the exemplaryembodiment of the present inventive concept described above.

FIGS. 21 to 27 are perspective views of intermediate operations forillustrating a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device accordingto an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept, which areperformed after the operations of FIG. 11 or FIG. 20. FIGS. 21 to 27 mayillustrate a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, which isperformed after the operations of FIG. 11. Alternatively, FIGS. 21 to 27may illustrate a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, whichis performed after the operations of FIG. 20. FIG. 28 showscross-sectional views taken along lines I-I′ and II-IF of thesemiconductor device of FIG. 27.

Referring to FIG. 21, an etching process may be performed using a masklayer 601 so that a dummy gate pattern 602 may be formed to extend in asecond direction that intersects fin-type structures 220 which extend ina first direction. The dummy gate pattern 602 may be formed on thefin-type structures 220, and may include a dummy gate insulating film603 and a dummy gate electrode 604. For example, the dummy gateinsulating film 603 may include a silicon oxide (SiO₂) film, and thedummy gate electrode 604 may include polysilicon (poly-Si) or amorphoussilicon (a-Si).

Referring to FIG. 22, outer spacers 710 may be formed on sidewalls ofthe dummy gate pattern 602. That is, the outer spacers 710 may be formedon sidewalls of the dummy gate insulating film 603 and the dummy gateelectrode 604. For example, a first spacer film may be conformallyformed on a first isolation layer 500 and a second isolation layer 510to cover the dummy gate pattern 602 and the fin-type structures 220.Thereafter, the first spacer film may be directionally etched back sothat the outer spacers 710 may be formed on sidewalls of the dummy gatepattern 602.

A portion of the fin-type structure 220, which does not overlap thedummy gate electrode 604 and the outer spacers 710, may be removed by ananisotropic etching process using the dummy gate pattern 602 as an etchmask. Thus, a recess 500 r may be formed in the fin-type structure 220.A bottom surface of the recess 500 r may be a portion protruding fromthe first isolation layer 500. The recess 500 r may correspond to theprotrusion 153 shown in FIG. 20. Although the formation of the outerspacers 710 is performed simultaneously with the formation of the recess500 r, the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. Forexample, after the outer spacers 710 are formed, a portion of thefin-type structure 220 may be removed to form the recess 500 r.

During the formation of the recess 500 r, portions of a firstsemiconductor pattern 221 and a second semiconductor pattern 222, whichdo not overlap the dummy gate electrode 604 and the outer spacers 710,may be removed. Thus, the first semiconductor pattern 221 and the secondsemiconductor pattern 222, which overlap the dummy gate electrode 604and the outer spacers 710, may be formed. The second semiconductorpattern 222, which overlaps the dummy gate electrode 604 and the outerspacers 710, may be referred to as a wire pattern 222.

Referring to FIG. 23, portions of the first semiconductor pattern 221,which overlap the outer spacers 710, may be removed. Thus, a dimple 221r may be formed between the outer spacers 710 and the wire pattern (thesecond semiconductor pattern) 222. The dimple 221 r may be recessedinward from an exposed side surface of the wire pattern 222 in the firstdirection.

The dimple 221 r may be formed by, for example, a selective etchingprocess. Specifically, the dimple 221 r may be formed by an etchingprocess using an etchant having an etch rate with respect to the firstsemiconductor pattern 221 higher than an etch rate with respect to thewire pattern 222.

Referring to FIG. 24, the dimple 221 r may be filled with an insulatingmaterial to form inner spacers 720. For example, a second spacer filmmay be formed to fill the dimple 221 r, and may include a materialhaving high gap-fill capability. The second spacer film may be formed onthe first isolation layer 500, the second isolation layer 510, and afirst liner 410.

Subsequently, the second spacer film may be etched using an etchingprocess until a top surface of the wire pattern 222, which does notoverlap the dummy gate pattern 602 and the outer spacers 710, isexposed, thereby forming the inner spacers 720. Thus, gate spacers 700including the outer spacers 710 and the inner spacers 720 may be formed.

Referring to FIG. 25, source and drain patterns 800 may be formed on therecess 500 r, and may be formed on both sides of the dummy gate pattern602. Thus, the first isolation layer 500 may include protrusions(recesses 500 r) formed to be spaced apart from each other in the seconddirection, and the source and drain patterns 800 may be formed on theprotrusions (recesses 500 r). The source and drain patterns 800 may beformed using the wire pattern 222 as a seed layer, but the presentinventive concept is not limited thereto. The source and drain patterns800 may be formed to cover the inner spacers 720, and may be in contactwith the inner spacers 720. The source and drain patterns 800 may beformed by an epitaxial growth process. A material of an epi layerincluded in the source and drain patterns 800 may vary depending onwhether the semiconductor device according to the embodiment of thepresent inventive concept is an n-type transistor or a p-typetransistor. Further, when necessary, the epi layer may be in-situ dopedwith impurities during the epitaxial growth process. Alternatively, thedoping of the epi layer may be carried out after the epitaxial growthprocess with an ion implantation process.

Referring to FIGS. 26 to 28, an interlayer insulating film 810 may beformed on the first isolation layer 500 and the second isolation layer510 to cover the source and drain patterns 800, the gate spacers 700(the outer spacers 710 and the inner spacers 720), and the dummy gatepattern 602.

The interlayer insulating film 810 may include at least one of a low-kdielectric material, an oxide film, a nitride film, and an oxynitridefilm. The low-k dielectric material may include, for example, flowableoxide (FOX), tonen silazene (TOSZ), undoped silica glass (USG),borosilica glass (BSG), phosphosilica glass (PSG), borophosphosilicaglass (BPSG), plasma-enhanced tetra ethyl ortho silicate (PETEOS),fluoride silicate glass (FSG), high-density plasma (HDP) oxide,plasma-enhanced oxide (PEOX), flowable chemical vapor deposition (FCVD)oxide, or a combination thereof.

Thereafter, the interlayer insulating film 810 may be planarized until atop surface of the dummy gate electrode 604 is exposed. As a result, themask layer 601 may be removed, and the top surface of the dummy gateelectrode 604 may be exposed.

The dummy gate pattern 602, namely, the dummy gate insulating film 603and the dummy gate electrode 604, may be removed. By removing the dummygate insulating film 603 and the dummy gate electrode 604, the fin-typestructure 220 which overlaps the first isolation layer 500, the firstisolation layer 500, the second isolation layer 510, and the first liner410, may be exposed. That is, the first semiconductor pattern 221 andthe second semiconductor pattern (or the wire pattern) 222, whichoverlaps the dummy gate pattern 602, may be exposed.

Subsequently, the first semiconductor pattern 221 may be removed. Thus,a space may be formed between the wire patterns 222. Further, a spacemay be formed between the first isolation layer 500 and the wire pattern222. In addition, the first semiconductor pattern 221 may be removed toexpose the inner spacers 720 of the gate spacers 700.

Thereafter, a gate dielectric layer 620 may be formed on a circumferenceof the wire pattern 222 and exposed top surfaces of the first isolationlayer 500, the second isolation layer 510, and the first liner 410. Inaddition, the gate dielectric layer 620 may also be formed on theexposed sidewalls of the inner spacers 720 and outer spacers 710.

Subsequently, a gate electrode 610 may be formed to surround the wirepattern 222 and extend in the second direction. The gate electrode 610may be a replacement metal gate electrode. The gate dielectric layer 620may be formed of a material having a high dielectric constant (high-k).

Referring to FIGS. 27 and 28, the semiconductor device according to theembodiment of the present inventive concept may include a substrate 100,a first isolation layer 500, a second isolation layer 510, and a wirepattern 222. Further, the semiconductor device according to theembodiment of the present inventive concept may include a wire pattern222, a gate pattern 600, gate spacers 700, and source and drain patterns800. The semiconductor device according to the embodiment of the presentinventive concept may be an MBCFET.

The substrate 100 may be provided in a lower portion of thesemiconductor device. According to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent inventive concept, a top surface of the substrate 100 may have aconcave-convex shape. A top surface in the concave-convex shape mayinclude concave units 101 and 101 a and a convex unit 102. A width anddepth of the concave units 101 and 101 a may be the same as or differentfrom a width and depth of the convex unit 102.

The first isolation layer 500, the second isolation layer 510, and aliner 410 may be alternately formed on the substrate 100 in a seconddirection. The liner 410 may be interposed between the first isolationlayer 500 and the second isolation layer 510. The first isolation layer500, the second isolation layer 510, and the liner 410 may be repeatedlyformed on the substrate 100 in the second direction in the order of thefirst isolation layer 500, the liner 410, the second isolation layer510, the liner 410, and the first isolation layer 500. Thus, the liner410 may overlap spaces, which are repeatedly formed in the seconddirection between two adjacent wire patterns 222, in a third directionperpendicular to the first and second directions.

The first isolation layer 500 may be formed on the substrate 100 to bein contact with the substrate 100. Thus, a bottom surface of the firstisolation layer 500 may have a concave-convex shape corresponding to theshape of the top surface of the substrate 100. For example, the bottomsurface of the first isolation layer 500 may have a convex shapecorresponding to the concave unit 101 of the substrate 100, and aconcave shape corresponding to the convex unit 102 of the substrate 100.Further, the top surface of the first isolation layer 500 may also havea concave-convex shape. The top surface of the first isolation layer 500may include a concave unit 103 and a convex unit 104. In addition, thebottom surface of the first isolation layer 500 may also include aconcave unit and a convex unit. According to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present inventive concept, the concave unit 103 of the top surfaceof the first isolation layer 500 may be formed to have a width greaterthan that of the concave unit 101 of the substrate 100 at the bottomsurface of the first isolation layer 500.

The first isolation layers 500 may be formed to be spaced apart fromeach other in the second direction. A distance by which the firstisolation layers 500 are spaced apart from each other may be smallerthan a width W1 of mandrel patterns (see, e.g., 301 of FIG. 7) used inthe above-described method of manufacturing the semiconductor device.The distance by which the first isolation layers 500 are spaced apartfrom each other may correspond to the width W2 of the first sacrificiallayer pattern 201 c shown in FIG. 6. The width W2 of the firstsacrificial layer pattern 201 c may be smaller than the width W1 of themandrel patterns 301 as described above with reference to FIG. 6. Thefirst isolation layer 500 may be formed of oxide, but the presentinventive concept is not limited thereto.

The second isolation layer 510 may be formed between the first isolationlayers 500, which are spaced apart from each other. The second isolationlayer 510 may be formed to be spaced apart from the first isolationlayers 500. Further, the second isolation layer 510 may be formed on thesubstrate 100 spaced apart from the substrate 100 with the liner 410interposed therebetween.

A width of the second isolation layer 510 may be smaller than thedistance between the first isolation layers 500. A level of a topsurface of the second isolation layer 510 may be lower than a level ofthe convex unit 104 of the top surface of the first isolation layer 500.The level of the top surface of the second isolation layer 510 may beequal to a level of the concave unit 103 of the first isolation layer500. The second isolation layer 510 may be formed of a material the sameas that of the first isolation layer 500, but the present inventiveconcept is not limited thereto.

The liner 410 may be formed on the substrate 100 to be in contact withthe substrate 100. Further, the liner 410 may be formed between thefirst isolation layers 500, which are spaced apart from each other. Sidesurfaces of the liner 410 may be in contact with side surfaces of thefirst isolation layer 500.

A cross-section (as shown in FIG. 28) of the liner 410 may have a Ushape. The liner 410 having the U shape may have an outer side surfaceand an inner side surface. The outer side surface of the liner 410having the U shape may be in contact with the substrate 100 and thefirst isolation layer 500, and the inner side surface of the liner 410having the U shape may be in contact with the second isolation layer510. The liner 410 may surround side surfaces and a bottom surface ofthe second isolation layer 510 formed on the inner side surface of theliner 410. The liner 410 may be formed of nitride, but the presentinventive concept is not limited thereto.

The wire pattern 222 may be the second semiconductor pattern 222 shownin FIG. 11. Alternatively, the wire pattern 222 may be the secondsemiconductor pattern 262 shown in FIG. 20. The wire pattern 222 may beformed above the first isolation layer 500 to be spaced apart from thefirst isolation layer 500, and may be formed to be above and spacedapart from the convex unit 104 of the top surface of the first isolationlayer 500. The wire pattern 222 may be formed to extend in a firstdirection.

The wire pattern 222 may be used as a channel region of thesemiconductor device. The wire pattern 222 may include a material thesame as that of the substrate 100. For example, the wire pattern 222 mayinclude silicon (Si).

The gate pattern 600 may be formed to be above the first isolation layer500, and may be formed to surround a circumference of the wire pattern222. The gate pattern 600 may also be formed in a space between thefirst isolation layer 500 and the wire pattern 222, and may include agate electrode 610 and a gate dielectric layer 620.

The gate electrode 610 may be formed to be above and spaced apart fromthe first isolation layer 500, and may be formed to surround thecircumference of the wire pattern 222.

The gate electrode 610 may include a conductive material, for example, ametal. Although the gate electrode 610 includes a single layer, thepresent inventive concept is not limited thereto. Alternatively, thegate electrode 610 may include silicon (Si) and silicon germanium (SiGe)instead of a metal. The gate electrode 610 may be formed by areplacement process. For example, the gate electrode 610 may be areplacement metal gate electrode.

The gate dielectric layer 620 may be formed between the gate electrode610 and the wire pattern 222. Further, the gate dielectric layer 620 maybe formed between the gate electrode 610 and the first isolation layer500, and may also be formed along a circumference of the wire pattern222.

The gate dielectric layer 620 may be formed to be in contact with thewire pattern 222. Further, the gate dielectric layer 620 may be formedalong top surfaces of the first isolation layer 500, the secondisolation layer 510, and the liner 410. Thus, the gate dielectric layer620 may include a cross-section (as shown in FIG. 28) having aconcave-convex shape under the gate electrode 610. The gate dielectriclayer 620 may be formed of a high-k dielectric.

The gate spacers 700 may be formed on the first isolation layer 500, thesecond isolation layer 510, and the liner 410, which may extend in thefirst direction. Further, the gate spacers 700 may be formed on bothsidewalls of the gate pattern 600 that extends in the second direction.The gate spacers 700 may be formed to be in contact with the gatedielectric layer 620, and may be formed on upper and lower sides of thewire pattern 222 and face each other.

The gate spacers 700 may match both ends of the wire pattern 222. Eachof the gate spacers 700 may include a through hole. The wire pattern 222may pass through the gate spacers 700 through the through hole. The gatespacers 700 may be in entire contact with circumferences of the ends ofthe wire pattern 222.

The gate spacers 700 may include outer spacers 710 and inner spacers720. The outer spacers 710 may be in contact with the wire pattern 222.The inner spacers 720 may be formed between the wire pattern 222 and thefirst isolation layer 500 and may be in contact with the top surface ofthe first isolation layer 500. In a cross-section taken along the outerspacer 710 in the second and third directions, the inner spacer 720 maybe surrounded by the wire pattern 222 and the outer spacer 710.Alternatively, the inner spacer 720 may be surrounded by the wirepattern 222, the outer spacer 710, and the first isolation layer 500.

The outer spacers 710 may include a material different from a materialof the inner spacers 720. That is, the outer spacers 710 may have adielectric constant different from a dielectric constant of the innerspacers 720.

The source and drain patterns 800 may be formed on both sides of thegate spacers 700, and may be formed on the first isolation layer 500.The source and drain patterns 800 may be formed to be in contact withthe convex unit 104 of the top surface of the first isolation layer 500.

An outer circumferential surface of each of the source and drainpatterns 800 may have various shapes. For example, the outercircumferential surface of each of the source and drain patterns 800 mayhave at least one of, for example, a diamond shape, a circular shape, arectangular shape and an octagonal shape.

The source and drain patterns 800 may be in direct contact with the wirepattern 222 used as the channel region. That is, the source and drainpatterns 800 may be in direct contact with the wire pattern 222 formedthrough the through holes of the gate spacers 700.

As shown in FIGS. 27 and 28, an electrical isolation by interposing thefirst isolation layer 500 between the wire pattern 222 and the substrate100 may be established to secure the performance of the MBCFET accordingto the exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept describedabove.

FIGS. 29 to 38 are cross-sectional views of intermediate operations fordescribing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according toan exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept. Thedescription of components of the present exemplary embodiment that arethe same as those of the method of manufacturing the semiconductordevice described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 20 will be omittedor simplified.

Referring to FIGS. 29 and 30, a stacked body 2000 includes a firstsacrificial layer 2010 a, a second sacrificial layer 2020 a and firstsemiconductor layers 2010 and second semiconductor layers 2020. Thestacked body 2000 formed on a substrate 1000 may be etched so thatfin-type structures 2100 may be formed on the first sacrificial layer2010 a. The fin-type structures 2100 include a second sacrificial layerpattern 2120 a and include first semiconductor patterns 2110 and secondsemiconductor patterns 2120 stacked alternately on a second sacrificiallayer pattern 2120 a. That is, the second sacrificial layer pattern 2120a in the fin-type structure may be the lowest layer. A first recess R100may be formed between the fin-type structures 2100. Thereafter, a firstliner 4000 may be conformally formed on the substrate 1000 to cover bothsidewalls of each of the fin-type structures 2100. Although the processof FIGS. 29 and 30 is the same as the process described with referenceto FIGS. 1 and 3, mask patterns 3000 may be used as an etch mask insteadof mandrel patterns 301 and spacer patterns 302 as shown in FIGS. 1 and3. In the below process which will be described with reference to FIGS.1 to 20, it is assumed that the mask patterns 3000 are used as an etchmask instead of the mandrel patterns 301 and the spacer patterns 302 asshown in FIGS. 1 and 3.

Referring to FIG. 31, the first recess R100 may extend downward to forma second recess R200. For example, the first liner 4000 and the firstsacrificial layer 2010 a may be anisotropically etched under the firstrecess R100 until a top surface of the substrate 1000 is exposed,thereby forming the second recess R200 and liner patterns 4010. Aportion of the substrate 1000 may be etched during the forming of thesecond recess R200. Thus, a concave unit 1001 having a concave topsurface may be formed in the top portion of the substrate 1000. Theprocess of FIG. 31 may be the same as the process described withreference to FIG. 4.

Referring to FIG. 32, a first isolation layer 5000 may be formed to fillthe second recess R200. That is, the first isolation layer 5000 may beformed between the first sacrificial layer patterns 2110 a and betweenthe fin-type structures 2100. The process of FIG. 32 may be the same asthe process described with reference to FIG. 6.

Referring to FIG. 33, the first isolation layer 5000 may be planarizedto expose top surfaces of the fin-type structures 2100. In addition tothe first isolation layer 5000, the mask pattern 3000 and a pattern ofthe liner patterns 4010 may be planarized so that top surfaces of thefirst isolation layer 5000, the fin-type structure 2100, and the linerpatterns 4010 may be at the same level. The mask pattern 3000 may beremoved during the planarization process. For example, the exposed topsurface of the fin-type structure 2100 may be a top surface of a secondsemiconductor pattern 2120.

Referring to FIG. 34, a portion of the first isolation layer 5000 may beremoved to form a recess R300 in one of two neighboring second recessesR200. For example, a mask pattern 3010 may be formed on top surfaces ofthe second recesses R200 excluding the portions of the second recessesR200 for forming the recess R300, top surfaces of the fin-type structure2100, and top surfaces of liner patterns 4010, and the first isolationlayer 5000 may be etched using the mask pattern 3010 as an etch mask.

The recess R300 in which the vacant space is formed may be an odd recessor an even recess in one direction in which the fin-type structures 2100are spaced apart from each other. Thus, the first isolation layer 5000may be necessarily formed in any one of two neighboring recesses R300formed on both sides of one fin-type structure 2100, and the vacantspace may be formed in the other one of the two neighboring recessesR300.

Referring to FIGS. 35 and 36, the first sacrificial layer pattern 2110 amay be removed through the recess R300 in which the vacant space isformed. Thereafter, a second sacrificial layer pattern 2120 a having anexposed bottom surface may be removed. Thus, a first semiconductor layer2110 may be exposed at a bottom surface of the fin-type structure 2100.Further, a vacant space C may be formed between the fin-type structure2100 and the substrate 1000. The processes of removing the firstsacrificial layer pattern 2110 a and the second sacrificial layerpattern 2120 a as shown in FIGS. 35 and 36 may be the same as theprocess of removing the first sacrificial layer pattern 251 b and thesecond sacrificial layer pattern 252 b described above with reference toFIG. 18.

Referring to FIG. 37, a second isolation layer 5100 may be formed tofill the vacant space C between the fin-type structure 2100 and thesubstrate 1000 and the recess R300 in which the vacant space is formed.The second isolation layer 5100 may be planarized to expose top surfacesof the fin-type structures 2100. The mask pattern 3010 may be removedduring the planarization process. A top surface of the second isolationlayer 5100 may then be formed at a level the same as that of the topsurface of the fin-type structure 2100.

Referring to FIG. 38, the first isolation layer 5000, the secondisolation layer 5100, and the liner patterns 4010 may be etched toexpose both sidewalls of the fin-type structure 2100. The process ofexposing the sidewalls of the fin-type structure 2100 as shown in FIG.38 may be the same as the process of exposing the sidewalls of thefin-type structure 220 described above with reference to FIG. 11. Thus,an electrical isolation by interposing the second isolation layer 5100between the fin-type structures 2100 and the substrate 1000 may beestablished to secure the performance of a semiconductor device, forexample, an MBCFET, in the method of manufacturing the semiconductordevice according to the exemplary embodiment of the present inventiveconcept described above.

While the present inventive concept has been shown and described withreference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood bythose of ordinary skill in the art that the present inventive conceptmay be implemented in other specific forms without departing from thespirit and scope thereof as defined by the following claims. It shouldbe understood that the above-described exemplary embodiments are notrestrictive but illustrative in every respect.

1. A semiconductor device comprising: a pair of wire patterns extendingin a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a seconddirection different from the first direction on a substrate, the pair ofwire patterns disposed closest to each other in the second direction; agate electrode extending in the second direction on the substrate, thegate electrode surrounding the pair of wire patterns; first isolationlayers extending in the first direction between the substrate and thegate electrode and spaced apart from each other in the second direction,the first isolation layers overlapping the pair of wire patterns in athird direction perpendicular to the first and second directions; and aliner between the first isolation layers spaced apart from each other inthe second direction, the liner having a U-shaped cross-section.
 2. Thesemiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the liner overlaps spaces,which are repeatedly formed in the second direction between the pairs ofwire patterns, in the third direction.
 3. The semiconductor device ofclaim 1, wherein the first isolation layer comprises concave unitsspaced apart from each other in the second direction, and wherein thesemiconductor device further comprises: source and drain patterns on theconvex units.
 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the convexunits overlap the pair of wire patterns in the third direction.
 5. Thesemiconductor device of claim 4, the semiconductor device furthercomprising: a second isolation layer on the liner, wherein the linersurrounds the side and bottom surfaces of the second isolation layer. 6.The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein a height of a top surfaceof the second isolation layer is lower than a height of a top surface ofthe convex units.
 7. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein aheight of a top surface of the second isolation layer is the same as aheight of a top surface of the concave units.
 8. The semiconductordevice of claim 1, wherein a top surface of the substrate has aconcave-convex shape.
 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein atop surface of the substrate includes a concave unit and a convex unit.10. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the liner on theconcave unit.
 11. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein a widthof the concave unit and a width of the convex unit are different. 12.The semiconductor device of claim 1, the semiconductor furthercomprising: a gate dielectric layer between the gate electrode and thefirst isolation layers and covering a top surface of the first isolationlayers and a top surface of the liner.
 13. The semiconductor device ofclaim 12, wherein the gate dielectric layer has a concave-convex shape.14. A semiconductor device comprising: a pair of wire patterns extendingin a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a seconddirection different from the first direction on a substrate, the pair ofwire patterns disposed closest to each other in the second direction; agate electrode extending in the second direction on the substrate, thegate electrode surrounding the pair of wire patterns; first isolationlayers extending in the first direction between the substrate and thegate electrode and spaced apart from each other in the second direction,the first isolation layers overlapping the pair of wire patterns in athird direction perpendicular to the first and second directions; and aliner between the first isolation layers spaced apart from each other inthe second direction, the liner having a U-shaped cross-section, whereina top surface of the substrate has a concave-convex shape, and wherein atop surface of the first isolation layers has a concave-convex shape.15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the top surface of thesubstrate includes a concave unit, and the top surface of the firstisolation layers includes a concave unit.
 16. The semiconductor deviceof claim 15, wherein a width of the concave unit of the top surface ofthe substrate is narrower than a width of the concave unit of the topsurface of the first isolation layers.
 17. The semiconductor device ofclaim 14, the semiconductor further comprising: a second isolation layerbetween the first isolation layers in the second direction on thesubstrate, wherein the second isolation layer is spaced apart from thefirst isolation layer.
 18. The semiconductor device of claim 14, whereinthe second isolation layer is spaced apart from the substrate.
 19. Asemiconductor device comprising: a pair of wire patterns extending in afirst direction and spaced apart from each other in a second directiondifferent from the first direction on a substrate, the pair of wirepatterns disposed closest to each other in the second direction; a gatedielectric layer surrounding the pair of wire patterns on the substrate;a gate electrode extending in the second direction on the substrate, thegate electrode surrounding the pair of wire patterns; a gate spacerextending along the second direction on the substrate and on both sidewalls of the gate electrode; first isolation layers extending in thefirst direction between the substrate and the gate electrode and spacedapart from each other in the second direction, the first isolationlayers overlapping the pair of wire patterns in a third directionperpendicular to the first and second directions; and a liner betweenthe first isolation layers spaced apart from each other in the seconddirection, the liner having a U-shaped cross-section; a second isolationlayer on an inner surface of the liner; and a source and drain on thefirst isolation layers, wherein the first isolation layers include aconvex unit, and wherein the source and drain on the convex unit. 20-28.(canceled)